Part 19
Repurposing Today’s Medicines for Longevity

Picture a pharmacy shelf. On it sit a diabetes pill that costs four dollars a month, an injection that melts away weight, a cholesterol shot given twice a year, and a small daily tablet prescribed for erections. Each was approved for one disease. Each is now being taken by healthy people who hope it will slow aging itself. This is the most serious frontier in longevity, because these are real drugs with real trials behind them. It is also where the gap between “proven for the sick” and “proven for the well” is easiest to overlook.
Clinical scenes in this edition are explicitly labeled illustrations. They describe imagined situations used to explain medical decisions, not documented patients, diagnoses, conversations, or treatment outcomes. They should not be read as evidence that a particular intervention works. Personal recollections are recollections, not medical records.
Evidence grade (draft mapping). 13 questions; a question with mixed evidence counts under each grade.
- 268. What does “repurposing” mean, and why is it the most promising route?Using a medicine already approved for one condition to prevent the diseases of aging in general. It is promising because the safety of these drugs is known from millions of patients and decades of use.JClinical judgment / author synthesis
- 269. How do you decide whether a repurposed drug is worth taking?I ask four questions, in order. Most candidates fail the second.JClinical judgment / author synthesis
- 270. Which medicines already qualify as proven longevity drugs?The ones that lower blood pressure and LDL cholesterol. They are so familiar that nobody thinks of them as longevity medicine, and they have added more years of life than everything else in this part combined.ARobust human trials
- 271. What do the trials actually show about metformin and aging?Metformin is useful for established indications, but a healthy-person longevity benefit remains unproven.FNot demonstrated / insufficientARobust human trials
- 272. Should a healthy person take a GLP-1 medicine for longevity?If you have obesity, diabetes, or heart disease, these drugs extend healthy life and probably life itself. If you are lean and well, there is no trial to support it.FNot demonstrated / insufficientARobust human trials
- 273. Are SGLT2 inhibitors the best repurposed drug for longevity?If I had to name the single drug class with the best claim to extending life across several organs, it would be this one. The claim holds for people with diabetes, heart failure, or kidney disease.ARobust human trials
- 274. Should I take a PCSK9 inhibitor to keep my arteries young?A PCSK9-directed treatment can be valuable when cardiovascular risk and LDL levels justify it. The indication and outcome evidence belong to the particular drug, not just the family name.ARobust human trials
- 275. Does a daily low dose of Cialis (tadalafil) extend life?It might. Large database studies link it to fewer heart attacks, less dementia, and lower death rates. No randomized trial has tested it for prevention, so it remains a hypothesis.CObservationalARobust human trials
- 276. What about rapamycin, acarbose, and low-dose lithium?Promises, not proof.DPreclinical / mechanistic
- 277. Do bone drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, or aspirin extend life?There are intriguing signals for the first two and a clear no for the third.Grade pending
- 278. Are hormones longevity drugs?Hormones treat specific conditions. Menopause therapy can relieve symptoms and reduce fractures in appropriate women; it is not an established prescription solely to extend life.ARobust human trials
- 279. Can vaccines be thought of as repurposed longevity medicine?Yes, and they may be the best bargain on this list.ARobust human trialsCObservational
- 280. What is the scorecard for repurposed medicines?Here it is, ranked by the strength of the human evidence.JClinical judgment / author synthesis